What Is Tinnitus?
Tinnitus (pronounced ti-ni-tus), or ringing in the ears, is the sensation of hearing ringing,
buzzing, hissing, chirping, whistling, or other sounds. The noise can be intermittent
or continuous, and can vary in loudness. It is often worse when background
noise is low, so you may be most aware of it at night when you're trying to
fall asleep in a quiet room. In rare cases, the sound beats in sync with
your heart (pulsatile tinnitus).
What Causes Tinnitus?
Prolonged exposure to loud sounds is the
most common cause of tinnitus. Up to 90% of people with tinnitus have some
level of noise-induced hearing loss. The noise causes permanent damage to the
sound-sensitive cells of the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear.
Carpenters, pilots, rock musicians, street-repair workers, and landscapers are
among those whose jobs put them at risk, as are people who work with chain
saws, guns, or other loud devices or who repeatedly listen to loud music. A
single exposure to a sudden extremely loud noise can also cause tinnitus.
A variety of other conditions and illnesses
can lead to tinnitus, including:
- Blockages of the ear due to a buildup of wax, an ear
infection, or rarely, a benign tumor of the nerve that allows us to hear (auditory
nerve)
- Certain drugs -- most notably aspirin, several types of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, loop diuretics, and antidepressants, as well as quinine medications; tinnitus is cited as a potential side effect for
about 200 prescription and nonprescription drugs.
- The natural aging process, which can cause
deterioration of the cochlea or other parts of the ear
- Meniere's disease, which affects the inner part of
the ear
- Otosclerosis, a disease that results in stiffening
of the small bones in the middle ear
- Other medical conditions such as high blood
pressure, cardiovascular disease, circulatory problems, anemia, allergies, an underactive thyroid gland, autoimmune disease, and diabetes
- Neck or jaw problems, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome
- Injuries to the head and neck
Tinnitus can worsen in some
people if they drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, drink caffeinated beverages, or
eat certain foods. For reasons not yet entirely clear to researchers, stress
and fatigue seem
to worsen tinnitus.
How Is Tinnitus Treated?
It depends on what's to blame for the
ringing.
If a medication is the trigger, your doctor
might suggest that you stop taking it or change to a different drug. Never stop
a medicine on your own without talking to your doctor.
If a health issue like high blood pressure
is the cause, your doctor can work with you to treat it. Often, the ringing
will improve when you get the condition under control.
If the problem is too much earwax, the
doctor can remove the buildup gently. Don't use cotton swabs to try to do it
yourself.
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